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<title>Statistically improbable phrase</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Statistically improbable phrase</span></span>

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<p>A <b>statistically improbable phrase</b> (<b>SIP</b>) is a phrase or set of words that occurs more frequently in a document (or collection of documents) than in some larger <a href="Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">corpus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> uses this concept in determining keywords for a given book or chapter, since keywords of a book or chapter are likely to appear disproportionately within that section.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Christian_Rudder" title="Christian Rudder">Christian Rudder</a> has also used this concept with data from <a href="Online_dating_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Online dating service">online dating profiles</a> and <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> posts to determine the phrases most characteristic of a given race or gender in his book <i><a href="Dataclysm" title="Dataclysm">Dataclysm</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SIPs with a linguistic density of two or three words—for example adjective, adjective, noun, or adverb, adverb, verb—will signal the author's attitude, premise or conclusions to the reader or express an important idea.

</p><p>Another use of SIPs is as a detection tool for plagiarism. (Almost) unique combinations of words can be searched for online, and if they have appeared in a published text, the search will identify where. This method only checks those texts that have been published and that have been digitized online.

</p><p>For example, a submission by a student that contained the phrase "garden style, praising irregularity in design", might be searched for using Google.com and will yield the original Wikipedia article about Sir <a href="Sir_William_Temple%2C_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet">William Temple</a>, English political figure and essayist.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2></div>

<p>While common words such as "the" appear frequently in most texts, a phrase such as "explicit Boolean algorithm" might occur much more often in a document about computers than it does in general English. Therefore, "explicit Boolean algorithm" would be considered a statistically improbable phrase in that context.

</p><p>Some statistically improbable phrases of Darwin's <i><a href="On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i> could be: <i>genera descended, transitional gradations, unknown progenitor, fossiliferous formations, closely allied forms, profitable variations, transitional grades, very distinct species</i> and <i>mongrel offspring</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Collocation" title="Collocation">Collocation</a> – Any series of words that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance</li>

<li><a href="Googlewhack" title="Googlewhack">Googlewhack</a> – A pair of words occurring on a single webpage, as indexed by Google</li>

<li><a href="Tf-idf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tf-idf">tf-idf</a> – A statistic used in information retrieval and text mining</li>

<li><a href="Complex_specified_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex specified information">Complex specified information</a> – a concept used to argue for the "intelligent design" theory</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.cms.caltech.edu/cs145/2011/wikipedia.pdf">"SIPping Wikipedia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Courses.cms.caltech.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Bailey2012" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Bailey (3 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2012/07/03/how-long-should-a-statistically-improbably-phrase-be/">"How Long Should a Statistically Improbably Phrase Be?"</a>. <i>Plagiarism Today</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFErramiSunGeorgeLong2010" class="citation journal cs1">Errami, Mounir; Sun, Zhaohui; George, Angela C.; Long, Tara C.; Skinner, Michael A.; Wren, Jonathan D.; Garner, Harold R. (1 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872002">"Identifying duplicate content using statistically improbable phrases"</a>. <i>Bioinformatics</i>. <b>26</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">1453–</span>1457. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtq146">10.1093/bioinformatics/btq146</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872002">2872002</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20472545">20472545</a> – via bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/search-inside/sipshelp.html">"What are Statistically Improbable Phrases?"</a>. <a href="Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks2005" class="citation news cs1">Weeks, Linton (August 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/29/AR2005082901873.html">"Amazon's Vital Statistics Show How Books Stack Up"</a>. <i><a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRudder2014" class="citation book cs1">Rudder, Christian (2014). <i>Dataclysm: Who We Are When We Think No One's Looking</i>. New York: Crown Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-385-34737-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crookedtimber.org/2005/04/02/sociologically-improbable-phrases/">Sociologically Improbable Phrases</a> Crooked Timber April 2005</span>

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</style><div id="Amazon206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (Founder and Executive Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> (President and CEO)</li>

<li><a href="Werner_Vogels" title="Werner Vogels">Werner Vogels</a> (CTO)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rick_Dalzell" title="Rick Dalzell">Rick Dalzell</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Davis_(programmer)" title="Paul Davis (programmer)">Paul Davis</a></li>

<li><a href="Tony_Hsieh" title="Tony Hsieh">Tony Hsieh</a></li>

<li><a href="Christopher_North_(businessman)" title="Christopher North (businessman)">Christopher North</a></li>

<li><a href="Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li>

<li><a href="Tom_Szkutak" title="Tom Szkutak">Tom Szkutak</a></li>

<li><a href="Brian_Valentine" title="Brian Valentine">Brian Valentine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Amazon_locations" title="List of Amazon locations">List of Amazon locations</a></li>

<li><a href="Doppler_(building)" title="Doppler (building)">Doppler</a></li>

<li><a href="Principal_Place" title="Principal Place">Principal Place</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Spheres" title="Amazon Spheres">Spheres</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Bellevue_600" title="Bellevue 600">Bellevue 600</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br>services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="AbeBooks" title="AbeBooks">AbeBooks</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Clinic" title="Amazon Clinic">Amazon Clinic</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a>

<ul><li><a href="Double_Helix_Games" title="Double Helix Games">Double Helix Games</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_University_Esports" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon University Esports">Amazon University Esports</a></li>

<li><a href="Annapurna_Labs" title="Annapurna Labs">Annapurna Labs</a></li>

<li><a href="Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a></li>

<li><a href="Blink_Home" title="Blink Home">Blink Home</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_Depository" title="Book Depository">Book Depository</a></li>

<li><a href="BookFinder.com" title="BookFinder.com">BookFinder</a></li>

<li><a href="ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Freevee</a></li>

<li><a href="AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">Fresh</a></li>

<li><a href="Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a>

<ul><li><a href="Goodreads_Choice_Awards" title="Goodreads Choice Awards">Goodreads Choice Awards</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Graphiq" title="Graphiq">Graphiq</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li>

<li><a href="IMDb#IMDbPro" title="IMDb">IMDbPro</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kuiper_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="1Life_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="1Life Healthcare">One Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Neighbors_(app)" title="Neighbors (app)">Neighbors</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shopbop" title="Shopbop">Shopbop</a></li>

<li><a href="Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>

<li><a href="Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud<br>computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Web Services</a>

<li><a href="Amazon_Aurora" title="Amazon Aurora">Amazon Aurora</a></li>

<li><a href="AWS_Elastic_Beanstalk" title="AWS Elastic Beanstalk">Beanstalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_CloudFront" title="Amazon CloudFront">CloudFront</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">DynamoDB</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_ElastiCache" title="Amazon ElastiCache">ElastiCache</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Glacier">Glacier</a></li>

<li><a href="AWS_Lambda" title="AWS Lambda">Lambda</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Lightsail" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Lightsail">Lightsail</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Mechanical_Turk" title="Amazon Mechanical Turk">MTurk</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Neptune" title="Amazon Neptune">Neptune</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Product_Advertising_API" title="Amazon Product Advertising API">Product Advertising API</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Redshift" title="Amazon Redshift">Redshift</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Rekognition" title="Amazon Rekognition">Rekognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Route_53" title="Amazon Route 53">Route 53</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_SageMaker" title="Amazon SageMaker">SageMaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_SimpleDB" title="Amazon SimpleDB">SimpleDB</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_(company)#Website" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a>

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_China" title="Amazon China">China</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Appstore</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Digital_Game_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Digital Game Store">Digital Game Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Payments</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Prime</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_miniTV" title="Amazon miniTV">Amazon miniTV</a></li>

<li><a href="MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a>

<li><a href="Amazon_Prime_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Music">Prime Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Prime_Now" title="Prime Now">Prime Now</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Prime_Pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Pantry">Prime Pantry</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sports_on_Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Sports on Amazon Prime Video">Sports</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Music</a> (<a href="Wondery" title="Wondery">Wondery</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Amazon_(company)#AmazonWireless" title="Amazon (company)">Wireless</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Astro" title="Amazon Astro">Astro</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Fire_TV#Fire_TV_Stick" title="Amazon Fire TV">Stick</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1-Click" title="1-Click">1-Click</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamo_(storage_system)" title="Dynamo (storage system)">Dynamo</a></li>

<li><a href="Obidos_(software)" title="Obidos (software)">Obidos</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Lumberyard" title="Amazon Lumberyard">Lumberyard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Breakthrough_Novel_Award" title="Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award">Breakthrough Novel Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon's_Best_Books_of_the_Year" title="Amazon's Best Books of the Year">Best Books of the Year</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a>

<ul><li><a href="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li>

<li><a href="Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a></li>

<li><a href="American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li>

<li><a href="Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a> (15%)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Go" title="Amazon Go">Amazon Go</a></li>

<li><a href="Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Prime_Air" title="Amazon Prime Air">Amazon Prime Air</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="43_Things" title="43 Things">43 Things</a></li>

<li><a href="Askville" title="Askville">Askville</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Amapedia" title="Amapedia">Amapedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a></li>

<li><a href="Amie_Street" title="Amie Street">Amie Street</a> (<a href="Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a>)</li>

<li><a href="CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Dash" title="Amazon Dash">Dash buttons</a></li>

<li><a href="Diapers.com" title="Diapers.com">Diapers.com</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Photography_Review" title="Digital Photography Review">Digital Photography Review</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Drive" title="Amazon Drive">Drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Endless.com" title="Endless.com">Endless.com</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_Phone" title="Fire Phone">Fire Phone</a></li>

<li><a href="Lexcycle" title="Lexcycle">Lexcycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquavista" title="Liquavista">Liquavista</a></li>

<li><a href="LivingSocial" title="LivingSocial">LivingSocial</a></li>

<li><a href="LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li>

<li><a href="MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li>

<li><a href="PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li>

<li><a href="Reflexive_Entertainment" title="Reflexive Entertainment">Reflexive Entertainment</a></li>

<li><a href="Sellaband" title="Sellaband">Sellaband</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelfari" title="Shelfari">Shelfari</a></li>

<li><a href="TenMarks_Education%2C_Inc." title="TenMarks Education, Inc.">TenMarks</a></li>

<li><a href="Treasure_Truck" title="Treasure Truck">Treasure Truck</a></li>

<li><a href="Withoutabox" title="Withoutabox">Withoutabox</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Perfect_10%2C_Inc._v._Amazon.com%2C_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Amazon.com%2C_Inc._v._Barnesandnoble.com%2C_Inc." title="Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.">Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Amazon.com_Inc_v_Canada_(Commissioner_of_Patents)" title="Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)">Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">FTC v. Amazon</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Light" title="Amazon Light">Amazon Light</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_Banana_Stand" title="Community Banana Stand">Community Banana Stand</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism</a> (<a href="Amazon_tax" title="Amazon tax">tax</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Fishbowl" title="Amazon Fishbowl">Fishbowl</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></li>

<li><a href="LibraryThing" title="LibraryThing">LibraryThing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Amazon_brands" title="List of Amazon brands">List of Amazon brands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Amazon_products_and_services" title="List of Amazon products and services">List of Amazon products and services</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Amazon" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon">List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Locker">Locker</a></li>

<li><a href="MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_worker_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon worker organization">Worker organization</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Amazon_fatalities" title="List of Amazon fatalities">List of fatalities</a></li>

<li><a href="Edwardsville_Amazon_warehouse_collapse" title="Edwardsville Amazon warehouse collapse">Edwardsville Amazon warehouse collapse</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Congress_of_Essential_Workers" title="Congress of Essential Workers">Congress of Essential Workers</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Labor_Union" title="Amazon Labor Union">Amazon Labor Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_worker_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon worker organization">Amazon worker organization</a>

<ul><li><a href="2024_Teamsters_Amazon_Strike" title="2024 Teamsters Amazon Strike">2024 strike</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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